一种基于航空可见光图像的烟草数量统计方法

传统烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)数量清点工作主要依靠人工现场抽样的方式,这种方法费时、费力且统计误差较大。针对这一缺点,提出一种基于航空可见光图像处理的烟草数量统计方法。利用无人机所获取的高分辨率影像,采用K-means聚类方法对烟田图像进行图像分割分类,提取图像中绿色植物部分,提取颜色、面积、长宽比等简单特征对杂草进行预剔除,通过构建烟株与杂草样本库,利用灰度梯度共生矩阵,提取其灰度平均、梯度均方差、相关、惯性等4种特征参量,并基于BP神经网络算法进一步对杂草进行识别,剔除杂草,统计烟株,提取连通域数量,即为烟株数量。     

Involvement of NbNOA1 in NO production and defense responses in INF1-treated Nicotiana benthamiana

During defense responses, plant cells produce nitric oxide (NO), which may control many physiological processes. In a previous study, we reported that nitrate reductase (NR) is responsible in part for INF1 elicitor-induced NO production in Nicotiana benthamiana, but the possibility remains that other NO-generating system(s) contribute to NO production. In mammalian cells, NO production is catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS). However, NOS-like enzyme(s) have never been identified in plants, and only the gene for Arabidopsis thaliana nitric oxide-associated 1 (AtNOA1) has been identified as a putative regulator of NOS activity in plants. In this study, we cloned NbNOA1, a homolog of AtNOA1, from N. benthamiana and investigated its involvement in NO production induced by INF1. The NbNOA1 gene was silenced by a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) technique. NbNOA1-silenced plants had yellowish leaves. Silencing NbNOA1 partially decreased INF1-induced NO production, while overexpressing NbNOA1 did not affect NO production. Silencing NbNOA1 suppressed INF1-induced PR1a gene expression and increased susceptibility to Colletotrichum lagenarium. These results suggest that NbNOA1 is involved in INF1-mediated NO production and is required for defense responses. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession number AB303300.     

Biological characterization of French Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates collected from PVY‐susceptible or ‐resistant tobacco plants possessing the recessive resistance gene va

Improved tobacco cultivars introgressed with alleles of the recessive resistance va gene have been widely deployed in France to limit agronomical consequences associated with Potato virus Y (PVY) infections. Unfortunately, necrotic symptoms associated with PVY have been reported on these cultivars suggesting that PVY is able to overcome the resistance. A field survey was performed in France in 2007 to (i) estimate the prevalence of PVY in tobacco plants showing symptoms and (ii) characterize PVY isolates present in susceptible and va‐derived tobacco cultivars. A serological typing procedure, applied to 556 leaves collected from different French tobacco growing areas, was performed using polyclonal antisera raised against different viral species including PVY. Viral species were detected in 80·8% of leaves and PVY was present in 83·5% of infected samples. However, statistical analysis confirmed that the probability of a tobacco plant being infected with PVY is reduced in va hosts. Eighty‐six PVY isolates were mechanically inoculated on one susceptible and three va‐derived tobacco cultivars used as indicator hosts to define virulence of these isolates against alleles 0, 1 and 2 of the va gene. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that 55 PVY isolates were able to overcome the three va alleles. Moreover, the monitored biological diversity of PVY isolates was higher in the susceptible tobacco hosts than in the va‐derived ones. This study helps to understand consequences of the deployment of the va gene in tobacco on diversity and virulence of PVY isolates.     

大麦黄矮病毒运动蛋白在烟草中的瞬时表达

[目的]快速鉴定运动蛋白基因在烟草中的瞬时表达,进一步研究该外源基因的功能。[方法]将大麦黄矮病毒的运动蛋白基因定向克隆到马铃薯X病毒载体上,得到重组的马铃薯X病毒,电击转化农杆菌后,利用农杆菌渗透注射技术注射到本生烟草的叶片中,观察病毒对烟草的侵染状况。[结果]渗透注射后第7天观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草系统叶有病毒侵染症状,而对照组未有此现象。对2组试验进行逐日跟踪观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草有较严重的病毒侵染症状和叶片卷曲现象,后期引起注射叶及系统叶坏死。而空病毒载体侵染的烟草只有轻微的病毒侵染症状,并能够恢复健康。对侵染的烟草进行RT-PCR检测,结果表明外源基因BYDV-MP在烟草体内进行了正常的转录和表达。[结论]BYDV-MP蛋白促进了PVX的系统侵染速度,加重了系统侵染的病毒症状,是病毒病症的决定因子;利用PVX表达载体表达异源MP的方法是可行的。     

烟草WS38生长素结合蛋白基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

以烟草WS38为材料,根据GenBank中登录的烟草生长素结合蛋白(ABP1)氨基酸序列设计引物,通过RT-PCR克隆了烟草WS38ABP1基因cDNA分子编码区,序列全长为564bp,可编码1条188个氨基酸的多肽.利用ClustalX软件对该序列翻译获得的多肽序列与报道的烟草生长素结合蛋白氨基酸序列比较,两者同源性为98.4%,存在2个氨基酸的差异,但差异氨基酸对ABP1结构和功能影响微弱.认为克隆的cDNA序列即为烟草WS38ABP1cDNA,不同品种烟草ABP1基因存在的核苷酸单位点多态性(SNP)造成了两者氨基酸序列的差异.     

本生烟草组培再生及遗传转化的研究

[目的]获得本生烟草转胰高血糖素样肽-1基因植株。[方法]以本生烟草无菌苗叶片为外植体材料,建立本生烟草再生系统,通过农杆菌叶盘法浸染进行遗传转化,获得本生烟草转胰高血糖素样肽-1基因植株。[结果]通过多重比对和重复,确定本生烟草叶片最适分化培养基为MS＋1.5mg/L6-BA＋0.1mg/LNAA,生根培养基为MS＋0.1mg/LIBA;经由卡那霉素浓度梯度试验,确定选择压力为5mg/L卡那霉素;对经卡那霉素筛选获得的抗性芽进行GUS组织化学检测,获得阳性信号。[结论]初步证实外源基因胰高血糖素样肽-1已整合到本生烟草基因组中。     

烟草属植物遗传多样性和亲缘进化关系的荧光AFLP分析#br#

【目的】研究烟草属不同亚属以及不同类型栽培烟草的遗传相似性关系,为明确烟草野生种和栽培烟草的遗传多样性水平、研究栽培烟草起源演化提供依据。【方法】利用CEQ8000遗传分析系统,对烟草属内4种类型的5份栽培烟草以及28份烟草野生种进行荧光AFLP分析,估算其遗传相似系数,并对28份烟草野生种、5份栽培烟草及其可能的祖先种分别进行UPGMA聚类分析。【结果】利用10对AFLP引物在33份种质中共扩增到2 423个片段,2 394个具有多态性。烟草属33份种质的遗传相似系数在0.021-0.860,平均为0.269。当相似系数为0.309时,28份野生烟草按其亚属聚为3类。2个栽培烟草种的5份不同类型烟草与其对应的可能祖先种首先聚为一类。在不同类型普通烟草中扩增到的AFLP共有片段,有97.7%可以在其可能的祖先种中找到。【结论】烟草属植物具有丰富的遗传多样性。栽培烟草进化过程中,其假设的祖先亲本都有一定贡献,其中N.sylvestris对普通烟草的形成贡献最大。     

烟草SKP1基因cDNA的克隆分析及原核表达

应用DDRT-PCR法获得可被壳寡糖诱导的枯斑三生烟SKP1基因cDNA的3’端序列,通过5’ RACE扩增该基因cDNA的5’ 端,进而扩增此基因cDNA的全长,通过同源性比较分析,与本塞姆氏烟草的SKP1基因同源性达81%,其cDNA全长653 bp(GenBank登录号：AY702087),其中编码区位于73~540 bp,编码一条155个氨基酸的多肽。经预测该多肽的分子量为17 527.78 Da,等电点为4.57,定位于细胞质,功能结构域分析结果显示在4~105位氨基酸有一明显的Skp1结构域,其E值为1.25e-52,因此推断该基因为枯斑三生烟的SKP1基因。将该基因编码区亚克隆到原核表达载体pET23b(+)上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),表达出与预测分子量一致的蛋白。为进一步研究该基因的功能奠定了基础。     

烟草不同组织总RNA的提取方法初探

【研究目的】寻找烟草各个组织总RNA最佳的提取方法。【方法】以烟草K326的根、茎、叶、蕾、花和种子为材料,分别采用试剂盒法、Trizol法和CTAB法提取烟草6个组织总RNA进行对比。【结果】烟草不同组织总RNA提取方法有所不同,试剂盒法和Trizol法只能提取出根、茎、叶、蕾和花的总RNA,而不能提取种子总RNA;CTAB法能提取出6个组织的RNA。3种方法提取的RNA质量好,均能满足RT-PCR以及后续实验的要求。【结论】试剂盒法较Trizol法和CTAB法简单、快捷,适合于烟草除种子以外其余组织总RNA快速提取,CTAB法适合烟草所有组织总RNA提取。     

人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体基因植物表达载体的构建及瞬时表达

人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体具有特异性诱导多种肿瘤细胞凋亡而对正常细胞无毒性的特点,被认为是肿瘤凋亡疗法较有希望的候选药物。植物生物反应器在药用蛋白质生产方面具备较大优势。构建了可溶性人肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体基因的植物表达载体,进行本氏烟(Nicotiana benthamiana)瞬时表达,并对目的蛋白的体外活性进行检测。结果显示,本氏烟叶片中目的蛋白平均表达量为68.60 pg/mg TSP;在浓度为200 pg/m L时,对NCI-H460细胞株的抑制率为28.75%。研究表明,经密码子优化的编码基因能够在受体植物中表达出有活性的目的蛋白,为开展目的基因的稳定转化工作奠定了基础。